Icyiciro cya 2: Mu gihe uri kuba — Igikorwa cyihuse no kwirinda mu gihe cyo kunyeganyega
Mu gihe isi iri kunyeganyega, ntugerageze gusohoka mu nyubako wihuse, ntiwirukire ku muryango usohokamo kandi ntukoreshe asanseri.
Banza wirinde. Kunyeganyega bimaze guhagarara, suzuma uko ibintu bimeze hanyuma usohoke igihe bibaye ngombwa kandi wirinze.
2.1Imyitwarire y’ingenzi mu gihe cy’umutingito
Iyo kunyeganyega bitangiye, akenshi nta mwanya uba uhagije wo gukora ibikorwa bigoye. Ni yo mpamvu abantu bagomba kuba baramenye mbere imyitwarire yoroshye ishobora gukorwa ako kanya:
UNAMA – IKINGIRE – IKOMEZE
UNAMA
Hita wicara hasi cyangwa wuname kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kugushwa no kunyeganyega kw’ubutaka.
Shyira amaboko n’amavi hasi igihe bishoboka. Uyu mwanya ugabanya ibyago byo kugwa kandi ukagufasha kwimuka intera ngufi niba ari ngombwa gushaka ahantu hafi ho kwikinga.
Ntugerageze guhagarara cyangwa kwiruka mu gihe ubutaka buri kunyeganyega cyane.
IKINGIRE
Rinda cyane umutwe n’ijosi.
Igihe cyose bishoboka, jya munsi y’ameza, biro cyangwa ikindi gikoresho gikomeye kiri hafi.
Niba nta kintu nk’icyo kiri hafi, komeza wunamye maze utwikire umutwe n’ijosi ukoresheje amaboko.
Igihe bishoboka kandi bitagushyira mu kaga, jya kure y’indorerwamo, ahantu hanini hagizwe n’ibirahure, ibikoresho birebire, utubati tureture, ibintu bimanitse, amatara, ibikoresho bishobora kugwa n’ibintu biremereye bibitswe ahantu hirengeye.
Ntukambuke icyumba mu gihe kunyeganyega cyane kugira ngo ushake ameza cyangwa ahantu wumva hizewe kurushaho.
IKOMEZE
Niba uri munsi y’ameza cyangwa ibiro bikomeye, komera kuri byo kugeza kunyeganyega birangiye.
Igikoresho ushikamyeho gishobora kwimuka mu gihe cy’umutingito. Iyo bibaye, gerageza kuguma munsi yacyo kandi ugende hamwe na cyo utishyira mu kaga bitari ngombwa.
Niba utari munsi y’igikoresho, komeza urinde umutwe n’ijosi kugeza kunyeganyega birangiye.
Ntusohoke mu gihe kunyeganyega gukomeje
Kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi mu gihe cy’umutingito ni ukwirinda gusohoka wihuse mu gihe kunyeganyega bikomeje. Kugerageza kwirukira ku miryango isohokamo mu gihe kunyeganyega gukomeje bishobora kongera cyane ibyago byo:
- kugwa, gukubitika;
- gukomeretswa n’ibirahure;
- kugwirwa n’ibintu bigwa;
- gusunikana, guterana;
- imiryango kuzibirana;
- amatsinda gutandukana;
- kubura kw’abana cyangwa kutagenzurwa;
- gukomereka kuri asanseri.
Ahantu hari abantu benshi, gusohoka icyarimwe kandi mu kajagari bishobora guteza izindi mpanuka.
Igihe cyose bishoboka, ikinge munsi y’ameza cyangwa biro bikomeye.
Amabwiriza rusange agomba kuba:
- Banza wirinde.
- Sohoka nyuma yo kunyeganyega, igihe bibaye ngombwa kandi ari nta kaga.
Ntukoreshe imiryango nk’aho kwikinga mu buryo bwako kanya
Imiryango ntigomba gufatwa mu buryo bwako kanya nk’ahantu hizewe mu gihe cy’umutingito. Mu mazu ya kera, amakadiri y’imiryango yashoboraga kuba ari byo bintu byonyine byasigaraga bihagaze kubera ko byubatswe bikomeye. Ariko mu nyubako zigezweho, ayo makadiri ntabwo aba afite imbaraga zihagije ku buryo yagira uruhare rukomeye mu gutwara umutwaro w’inyubako.
Inama rusange ni ukwikinga munsi y’ameza cyangwa biro bikomeye igihe biri hafi kandi bishoboka. Niba nta bihari, inama kandi urinde cyane umutwe n’ijosi, wirinde amadirishya n’ibintu bishobora kugwa.
Ntukoreshe icyo bita “mpandeshatatu y’ubuzima”
Ntabwo ugomba gukoresha icyo bita "mpandeshatatu y’ubuzima" nk’igisimbura imyitwarire isabwa yo kwirinda.
Ntugerageze kubara cyangwa gutekereza mu gihe cy’umutingito aho hashobora kuvuka imyanya yitwa ko ishobora kurinda umuntu hagati y’ibikoresho n’ibisigazwa by’inyubako.
Imyitwarire rusange igomba gukomeza kuba:
UNAMA – IKINGIRE – IKOMEZE
2.2Niba uri mu nzu
Niba uri mu nzu umutingito utangiye:
Ntukazenguruke inzu
Ntukazenguruke inzu bitari ngombwa ushaka ahantu wibwira ko ari ho hizewe cyane ho kwikinga. Ihutire kwikingira ahantu hizewe hakwegereye.
Jya kure y’amadirishya n’ibirahure
Jya kure y’amadirishya, indorerwamo n’ibirahure.
Jya kure y’ibikoresho birebire
Jya kure y’ibikoresho birebire byo mu nzu n’ibintu bishobora kugwa.
Mu gihe kunyeganyega bikomeje
- Guma imbere mu gihe kunyeganyega bikomeje, keretse niba hari akaga gakomeye kagusaba kwimuka.
- Unama.
- Ikinge munsi y’ameza cyangwa biro bikomeye niba biri hafi.
- Ikomeze.
- Rinda umutwe n’ijosi.
- Jya kure y’amadirishya, indorerwamo n’ahantu hagizwe n’ibirahure.
- Jya kure y’ibikoresho birebire, utubati tureture n’ibintu bishobora kugwa.
- Ntukirukire ku muryango usohokerwamo.
- Ntukoreshe asanseri mu gihe kunyeganyega gukomeje.
- Ntugerageze gufunga gaz mu gihe kunyeganyega bikomeje.
- Ntugerageze kuzimya amashanyarazi mu gihe kunyeganyega bikomeje.
Niba uri mu gikoni
Mu gikoni hashobora kuba hari ibintu byinshi bishobora guteza akaga mu gihe cy’umutingito:
- amasahani,
- amacupa,
- ibikoresho,
- ibintu bibitswe ahantu hirengeye,
- ibintu bikata,
- amazi cyangwa ibindi bintu bishyushye,
- ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi,
- ibikoresho n’utubati two mu gikoni,
- ibirahure,
- ibikoresho bihujwe na gaz cyangwa amashanyarazi.
Niba umutingito utangiye uri mu gikoni
- Ntukambuke inzu wihuse mu gihe kunyeganyega bikomeje.
- Niba ubishobora ako kanya kandi bitagushyira mu kaga, jya kure y’ibintu bishobora kugwa, kumeneka cyangwa gusuka ibintu bishyushye.
- Unama kandi urinde umutwe n’ijosi. Niba hari ameza akomeye ari hafi, ikinge munsi yayo kandi uyikomereho.
- Ntugerageze gufunga valuve ya gaz mu gihe cy’umutingito. Kunyeganyega bimaze kurangira kandi ari uko gusa nta kaga, ushobora gusuzuma imiyoboro n’ibindi bikoresho.
2.3Niba uri mu nyubako ifite amagorofa menshi
Kuba uri ku igorofa ryo hejuru bishobora gutuma kunyeganyega wumva gukomeye cyangwa kumara igihe kirekire.
Kumva inyubako inyeganyega cyane byonyine ntibihagije kugira ngo hamenyekane niba izagira cyangwa itazagira ibyangiritse ku miterere yayo y’ingenzi.
Ntugerageze gusuzuma ubukomezi bw’inyubako mu gihe ikinyeganyega.
Mu gihe kunyeganyega bikomeje
Jya kure y’ahantu hagizwe n’ibirahure
Jya kure y’amadirishya n’ahantu h’inyubako hagizwe n’ibirahure.
Guma aho uri
Ntiwimuke hagati y’amagorofa cyangwa ngo ushake ahandi hantu mu gihe kunyeganyega bikomeje.
Unama, ikingire, ikomeze
Koresha iyo myitwarire y’ingenzi, uyihuza n’aho uri.
Ibintu bishobora gutandukana n’aho byari bifashe
Irinde amatara, ibisenge bimanitswe, utubati tureture n’ibintu bishobora kugwa cyangwa gutandukana n’aho byari bifashe.
Ntukirukire ku ngazi
Ntukirukire ku ngazi mu gihe kunyeganyega.
Ntukoreshe asanseri
Ntukoreshe asanseri kandi ntugerageze gusohoka mu gihe kunyeganyega gukomeye bikomeje.
Kunyeganyega bimaze guhagarara, suzuma uko ibintu bimeze maze ukoreshe inzira zo gusohoka zitari mu kaga, igihe bibaye ngombwa kuva mu nyubako.
Asanseri
Ntukoreshe asanseri mu gihe cy’umutingito. Kunyeganyega kw’ubutaka bishobora kujyana na:
- guhagarara kw’amashanyarazi;
- imikorere mibi;
- kwangirika kw’ibice bimwe;
- guhagarara kwa asanseri;
- izindi mpinduka zatuma kuyikoresha biba bibi.
Ntukibwire ko inyubako zose zifite uburyo bwikora bwo guhangana n’umutingito.
Nyuma y’umutingito na bwo, ntukihutire gukoresha asanseri kugeza igihe hazaba hari ibisabwa bituma ifatwa nk’itekanye, kandi ikoreshwe ari uko byemejwe ko yemerewe gukoreshwa.
Ingazi
Mu gihe kunyeganyega gukomeje, ntiwirukire ku ngazi ushaka guhita usohoka.
Kunyeganyega bishobora gutuma bigorana cyane gukomeza kuringaniza umubiri kandi bikongera ibyago byo kugwa.
Byongeye kandi, abantu benshi bagerageza gukoresha icyarimwe ingazi bashobora gusunikana, kubyigana cyane no gukomereka.
Iyo kunyeganyega birangiye, niba ari ngombwa gusohoka mu nyubako, koresha gusa inzira zifite umutekano kandi ukurikize amabwiriza y’ababishinzwe cyangwa y’inzego zibifitiye ububasha.
Amadirishya, ibirahure n’ahantu hagizwe n’ibirahure
Mu gihe cy’umutingito, jya kure ya:
- amadirishya n’inzugi z’ibirahure;
- utubati tw’ibirahure, utubaho cyangwa ibice by’ibirahure;
- ibirahure bigabanya cyangwa bitandukanya ibyumba;
- indorerwamo n’ibindi bintu bishobora kumeneka.
Ntabwo bikwiye gushyiraho intera imwe igomba gukurikizwa mu nyubako zose no mu bihe byose. Ihame ni iryoroshye: jya kure y’ibirahure uko ushoboye mu buryo bwumvikana, ariko ntuwimuke mu buryo bugushyira mu kaga gakomeye.
Ibisenge, amatara n’ibintu bimanitse
Mu gihe cy’umutingito bishobora kuva aho byari bifashe cyangwa kwimuka:
- amabati cyangwa ibice by’ibisenge bimanitse;
- amatara;
- ibyuma bitanga umuyaga;
- porojegiteri;
- ibikoresho by’amajwi;
- ibyapa;
- imitako;
- ibindi bintu bishyizwe ahantu hirengeye.
Ni yo mpamvu ugomba kurinda cyane umutwe n’ijosi. Iyo hari ameza cyangwa biro bikomeye biri hafi, jya munsi yabyo kandi ubikomeze.
Niba nta meza cyangwa ibiro bihari
Mu nzira zinyuramo abantu, amatorero, insengero, sale za siporo, inzu z’imyidagaduro, amazu y’amateraniro, stade n’ahandi hashobora kuba hatari ameza cyangwa ibiro bikomeye bihari. Muri icyo gihe:
- unama kugira ngo utagwa;
- rinda umutwe n’ijosi ukoresheje amaboko;
- jya kure y’amadirishya n’ibirahure;
- jya kure y’ibintu bishobora kugwa, ariko ubikore gusa igihe bitagushyira mu kaga gakomeye;
- komeza wikingire kugeza kunyeganyega birangiye.
Ntukambuke icyumba mu gihe kunyeganyega gukomeje ushaka umuryango usohokeramo cyangwa ahantu wumva ko inyubako ikomeye kurushaho.
2.4Niba umutingito ubaye uryamye
- Niba umutingito utangiye uri mu buriri, ntugahaguruke wihuse mu mwijima.
- Ibintu byaguye cyangwa ibirahure byamenetse bishobora kugukomeretsa, kandi kunyeganyega bishobora gutuma guhagarara bigorana.
- Niba kuguma mu buriri nta kaga gakomeye byaguteza, guma aho kandi urinde umutwe n’ijosi ukoresheje umusego.
- Niba hari ikintu kiremereye kiri hejuru y’uburiri cyangwa hafi yabwo gishobora kugwa, kandi ushobora kwimukira ahantu hizewe utishyize mu kaga gakomeye, kora ibijyanye n’uko ibintu bimeze.
Gutegura icyumba cyo kuryamamo mbere y’umutingito ni ingenzi cyane:
- ntushyire ibintu biremereye hejuru y’umutwe w’uburiri;
- gira inkweto zifunze kandi zikomeye hafi y’uburiri;
- gira itoroshi ahantu ushobora kuyigeraho;
- komeza inzira zinyuramo abantu zidafunze.
2.5Kurinda impinja n’abana bato
Abana bakeneye kwitabwaho by’umwihariko mu gihe cy’umutingito. Icy’ingenzi ni ukubarinda aho bari no kubabuza kwiruka mu kajagari berekeza ku miryango isohokamo.
Ntugerageze kwambuka inyubako utwaye umwana mu gihe kunyeganyega gukomeye bikomeje, keretse kuguma aho uri byaba biteje akaga gakomeye kurushaho.
Niba umwana ari kumwe nawe
Mufashe ako kanya: kunama, kurinda umutwe n’ijosi, kujya munsi y’ameza cyangwa ibiro bikomeye igihe biri hafi, gukomera no gukomeza kwikinga.
Gumana n’umwana igihe bishoboka. Ntumusige ngo ujye gukora indi mirimo mu gihe kunyeganyega bikomeje.
Impinja n’abana bato cyane
Niba ufite uruhinja mu maboko umutingito utangiye, mufate umukomeze, mwunamire hasi, urinde umutwe n’ijosi bye, kandi nawe wikingire.
Niba hari ameza cyangwa ibiro bikomeye biri hafi kandi ushobora kujya munsi yabyo nta kaga, jya munsi yabyo.
Niba uruhinja ruri mu gikoresho cyo kurutwaramo cyambitswe neza, komeza kumufungiramo kandi urinde cyane umutwe n’ijosi bye.
Ntushyire umubiri wawe ku buryo bwatuma ushobora gukomereka bikomeye cyangwa ngo wifate mu buryo butajegajega ugerageza kuba "ingabo y’umubiri" imurinda. Kurinda bigomba guharanira umutekano w’umwana n’umuntu umufasha icyarimwe.
Abana bato
Koresha amabwiriza magufi:
- "UNAMA".
- "IKINGIRE".
- "IKOMEZE".
- "GUMANA NANJYE".
Abana biga
Abana bamaze kwimenyereza imyitozo yo gutabara bashobora kumva amabwiriza vuba. Shimangira imyitwarire bize kandi ugume hafi yabo bitewe n’uko ibintu bimeze.
Guhumuriza no guturisha amarangamutima y’abana
Umuntu mukuru agomba kugerageza gutuza no gutanga amabwiriza magufi kandi asobanutse. Ashobora gukoresha amagambo nka:
- "Gumana nanjye".
- "Rinda umutwe".
- "Turimo kwirinda".
- "Tegerereza hano kugeza birangiye".
- Irinde amagambo ateye ubwoba ashobora kongera ubwoba bitari ngombwa.
- Muri ayo masegonda, icy’ingenzi ni uko umwana amenya icyo agomba gukora, aho kumuha ibisobanuro bigoye ku byerekeye ibiri kuba.
2.6Ahantu hari abantu benshi
Niba wisanze uri:
Ahacururizwa ibintu byinshi
Amaduka manini
Amazu y’amafilimi, imyidagaduro
Sitade
Amatorero cyangwa insengero, amashuri
Inzu ziberamo inama cyangwa ibitaramo
Sitasiyo
Ibigo by’abaturage
Imyitwarire rusange y’abantu iri mu kajagari ishobora guteza:
- gusunikana,
- kugwa,
- kuzura kw’abantu benshi,
- imiryango kuzibirana,
- abana n’abantu bakuru gutandukana,
- izindi nkomere.
Banza wirinde ibintu bishobora kugwa cyangwa kwimuka.
Kunyeganyega bimaze guhagarara, kurikiza amabwiriza y’ababishinzwe kandi usohoke mu buryo butuje kandi butunganijwe igihe bibaye ngombwa.
Amazu y’amafilimi n’amakinamico
- Ntuhite wirukira ku miryango isohoka mu gihe kunyeganyega bikomeje.
- Guma mu gice urimo igihe cyose haba ahantu hizewe bishoboka.
- Unama.
- Rinda umutwe n’ijosi.
- Jya kure y’ibintu bishobora kugwa cyangwa kwitandukanya n’aho byari bifashe.
Ntugerageze kunyura cyangwa kwimuka hagati y’abantu benshi mu gihe hakomeje kunyeganyega.
Amaduka manini n’ahacururizwa ibintu byinshi
Aha hantu hashobora kuba hari ibyago byihariye bitewe n’utubati tureture, ibicuruzwa bibitswe ahantu harehare, amavitrine, ibice binini by’ibirahure, ibyapa, amatara n’ibintu bimanitswe.
Mu gihe cyo kunyeganyega:
- jya kure y’utubati tureture n’ibirahure igihe ushobora kubikora ako kanya kandi utanyuze ahantu hateje akaga;
- unama;
- rinda umutwe n’ijosi;
- niba hafi yawe hari ahantu hakomeye ho kwikinga, hajye;
- ntukiruke ujya ku muryango usohokeramo;
- ntukoreshe asanseri.
Nyuma yo kunyeganyega, kurikiza amabwiriza y’abakozi kandi ukoreshe inzira zikomeje kuba zitekanye.
Sitade, ahicarwa n’abarebyi n’ahabera ibitaramo
Niba uri kuri stade, mu myanya y’abareba cyangwa mu gitaramo kirimo abantu benshi:
- ntiwirukire mu nzira cyangwa ku miryango isohokamo mu gihe kunyeganyega;
- ntusimbuke inzitiro cyangwa ngo wihutire kujya mu kindi gice;
- guma mu gice urimo igihe ari nta kaga;
- unama igihe bikenewe;
- rinda umutwe n’ijosi;
- niba ufite igikapu, isakoshi cyangwa ikindi kintu cyoroshye kandi kiri hafi, ushobora kugikoresha urinda umutwe;
- tegereza amabwiriza y’ababishinzwe kunyeganyega bimaze guhagarara.
Kugenda kw’abantu benshi icyarimwe bishobora guteza izindi ngaruka cyangwa ibyago.
Ingazi ziri mekani
Ntugerageze gukoresha ingazi zikora nk’inzira yo gusohoka mu gihe kunyeganyega gukomeye bikomeje.
Kunyeganyega bishobora gutera abantu kugwa, kandi abantu benshi bateraniye hamwe icyarimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo gukomereka.
Kugenzura ubwoba n’itumanaho mu gihe cy’umutingito
Mu gihe cy’akaga, bamwe bashobora kugira ubwoba bukabije, urujijo, kubura icyo bakora cyangwa kumva bashaka guhita bahunga.
Abashinzwe amatsinda y’abantu bagomba gukoresha amabwiriza magufi, asobanutse, amwe kuri bose, akomeye kandi adashidikanywaho, yoroshye kumva:
- "UNAMA!".
- "RINDA UMUTWE!".
- "IKOMEZE!".
- "NTIMWIRUKIRE KU MIRYANGO!".
- "JYA KURE Y’IBIRAHURE!".
Irinde gutanga amabwiriza avuguruzanya. Ahantu hari abantu benshi, amabwiriza asobanutse ashobora gufasha kugabanya imyitwarire y’akajagari.
Umutingito umaze kurangira, kurikiza ibyapa n’amabwiriza y’ikigo kandi ukoreshe inzira zemewe zitari mu kaga.
2.7Niba wisanze uri hanze
Niba wari usanzwe uri hanze
Niba wari usanzwe uri hanze umutingito utangiye, guma hanze cyangwa, igihe ubishobora nta kaga, ujye ahantu hafunguye kandi hatarangwamo ibintu bishobora kugwa.
Jya kure ya:
- inyubako, impande z’inyubako, amakoroni, ibaraza n’inkuta;
- amadirishya, ibirahure n’ibyapa;
- inkingi, insinga z’amashanyarazi, transformateurs na antenne;
- ibiti;
- inyubako cyangwa ibintu bishobora kugwa.
Ntukihishe ku bushake hafi y’uruhande rw’inyubako, munsi y’ikoroni, igisenge gisohoka cyangwa ikindi kintu gisohoka ku nyubako. Ntugahagarare ku musingi w’inyubako nk’uburyo rusange bwo kwirinda.
Niba udashobora kugera ako kanya ahantu hafunguye kurushaho utishyize mu kaga gakomeye, rinda umutwe n’ijosi kandi ugabanye kuba hafi y’ibintu bishobora kugwa.
Niba wisanze utwaye
Niba utwaye imodoka umutingito utangiye:
- gabanya umuvuduko buhoro buhoro;
- hagarara ahantu hizewe igihe ubishoboye;
- guma mu modoka kugeza kunyeganyega birangiye.
Irinde guhagarara:
- munsi y’ibiraro, ibiraro byambukiranya umuhanda cyangwa insinga z’amashanyarazi;
- hafi y’inkingi cyangwa ibiti;
- hafi cyane y’inyubako;
- ahantu hashobora kugwaho ibintu.
Ntukande feri bitunguranye niba bishobora guteza impanuka.
Kunyeganyega bimaze guhagarara, komeza witonze kandi witondere ibyangiritse bishobora kuba biri mu muhanda.
2.8Amatungo mu rugo mu gihe cy’umutingito
Mu gihe cy’umutingito, umutekano w’abantu ni wo uza mbere. Inyamaswa zishobora kwitwara mu buryo butateganyijwe kubera urusaku, kunyeganyega n’imigendere y’ubutaka.
Itungo rifite ubwoba rishobora
- kwiruka;
- kwihisha;
- kugerageza guhunga;
- kwanga gufatwa;
- gushwanyaguza cyangwa kuruma yirwanaho.
Niba itungo riri hafi yawe
Niba ushobora kurigumana utabangamiye ukwikinga kwawe, bikore.
Ntusige ahantu hizewe cyangwa ngo wambuke icyumba mu gihe kunyeganyega gukomeje ugiye kurishaka.
Niba uri munsi y’ameza akomeye kandi itungo riri hafi yawe, ushobora kugerageza kurigumana hafi igihe bitakubuza kurinda umutwe n’ijosi cyangwa gukomera ku kintu.
Niba itungo ryihishe
- Ntukaryiruke inyuma.
- Ntushyire amaboko munsi y’ibikoresho cyangwa ahantu bigoye kugeramo mu gihe kunyeganyega bikomeje.
- Irinde kandi utegereze kugeza umutingito urangiye.
Kunyeganyega bimaze guhagarara kandi ari nta kaga, shaka inyamaswa mbere yo gufungura imiryango ijya hanze, kuko inyamaswa ifite ubwoba ishobora kugerageza guhunga.
Niba iri mu gikoresho cyo kuritwaramo
Niba itungo risanzwe riri mu gikoresho cyizewe cyo kuritwaramo, nturikuremo mu gihe cy’umutingito.
Niba icyo gikoresho kiri hafi yawe kandi ushobora kukimura santimetero nke ukagishyira ahantu harinzwe kurushaho utishyize mu kaga, ushobora kubikora.
Ntushyire umubiri wawe nkana hejuru y’icyo gikoresho.
Ntusohoke wihuse utwaye itungo mu maboko
Ntugerageze kumanuka ingazi cyangwa kwambuka inyubako utwaye itungo mu gihe kunyeganyega gukomeye bikomeje, keretse hari akaga gakomeye karuta ako kandi kagusaba kuva aho.
2.9Abantu bafite ubumuga n’abandi bakeneye ubutabazi
Abantu bafite ubumuga bashobora gukenera uburyo butandukanye bwo kwirinda bitewe n’imiterere yabo, ubushobozi bwo kwikinga, ibikoresho bibafasha n’aho bari. Nta myitwarire imwe ishobora gukwira abantu bose.
Ihame rusange rikomeza kuba
WIRINDE MU GIHE KUNYEGANYEGA BIKOMEJE, HANYUMA USOHOKE IGIHE BIBAYE NGOMBWA KANDI BITEKANYE.
Hagomba gushyigikirwa ubushobozi bw’umuntu bwo kwigenga kandi hakirindwa gutandukanya umuntu n’ibikoresho bye bimufasha bitari ngombwa.
01 · Abantu bakoresha igare ry’abamugaye
FATA FERI – IKINGIRE – IKOMEZE
FATA FERI
Funga feri z’igare.
IKINGIRE
Rinda cyane umutwe n’ijosi ukoresheje amaboko. Niba hari ikintu gikwiye kandi kiri hafi cyagufasha kwikinga, gikoreshe.
IKOMEZE
Guma mu mwanya utanyeganyega kugeza kunyeganyega birangiye. Unama igihe ushobora kubikora nta kaga.
Ntugerageze kuva mu igare mu gihe kunyeganyega gukomeje kugira ngo ujye hasi gusa.
Abantu bafite ingorane zo kugenda
Niba umuntu ari ku buriri, mu ntebe cyangwa ahandi hantu hatajegajega kandi akaba adashobora kwimuka nta kaga:
- ntagerageze kwimuka mu buryo bwongera ibyago byo kugwa;
- arinde cyane umutwe n’ijosi;
- ashobora gukoresha imisego cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byoroshye biri hafi;
- agume kure y’ibirahure n’ibintu bishobora kugwa igihe bishoboka.
Inkoni, imbago, utugare two kugenderamo n’ibindi bikoresho bifasha kugenda bigomba kuguma hafi kugira ngo bikoreshwe kunyeganyega bimaze guhagarara.
Imyitwarire y’abareberera n’abafasha
Niba uri kumwe n’umuntu ukeneye ubufasha:
- nawe ubwawe wirinde;
- mufashe gufata umwanya utekanye igihe wabikora utishyize mu kaga;
- rinda umutwe n’ijosi bye igihe adashobora kubyikorera;
- mufashe kuba kure y’ibirahure n’ibintu bishobora kugwa igihe bishoboka;
- ntumusige ngo ujye gukora imirimo itari iy’ingenzi;
- ntugerageze kumwimura intera ndende mu gihe kunyeganyega gukomeye bikomeje.
Umureberera agomba kwirinda kuba ikindi kibazo. Umufasha agomba guharanira kurinda abantu bombi icyarimwe.
Abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona
Mu gihe cyo kunyeganyega:
- sobanura neza ibiri kuba;
- koresha amabwiriza magufi;
- menyesha mbere yo gukora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyo kwimuka gikenewe;
- ntumwimure cyangwa ngo umukurure utabanje kumumenyesha;
- mufashe kurinda umutwe n’ijosi igihe bikenewe;
- mubwire ibijyanye n’ibintu byaguye cyangwa ibyago biri hafi igihe ubishoboye kubimenya.
Umutingito umaze kurangira, uzirikane ko ibintu byimuwe bishobora kuba byahinduye inzira uwo muntu yari asanzwe azi.
Abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva
Iyo uri kumwe n’umuntu utumva:
- gerageza kumureba mu maso;
- koresha ibimenyetso cyangwa amarenga mwari musanzwe muziranyeho;
- tanga amabwiriza yoroshye;
- koresha ubundi buryo bwo gutumanaho buhari.
Niba amashanyarazi acitse, uzirikane ko urumuri rushobora kuba rudahagije kugira ngo umuntu asome iminwa cyangwa avugane n’amarenga.
Niba ufite itoroshi, yerekeze ku buryo yorohereza itumanaho, ariko ntumwereke urumuri rukomeye mu maso.
Abantu bafite ubumuga bw’ubwenge, ubwonko cyangwa abantu bafite imyitwarire yihariye
Urusaku, impuruza, kunyeganyega, gutaka n’impinduka zitunguranye z’ibibakikije bishobora gutera imyitwarire ikomeye.
Koresha amabwiriza magufi kandi mwari mwarimenyereje mbere, urugero:
- "UNAMA".
- "IKINGIRE".
- "GUMA HANO".
- "IKOMEZE".
Niba umuntu akeneye ubufasha bw’umubiri, koresha gusa ubufasha bukenewe kugira ngo atishyira mu kaga gakomeye ako kanya.
Ntabwo gufunga umuntu ku gahato cyangwa kumuhobera ku gahato bigomba gukoreshwa nk’amategeko rusange, kuko bishobora kongera umubabaro cyangwa bigatera ibikomere.
Ubufasha bugomba guhuza n’ibyo buri muntu akeneye bizwi kandi bugashyigikira ubushobozi bwe bwo kwigenga.
2.10Kunyeganyega kumaze gushira
Iyo kunyeganyega birangiye, ntuhite wirukira ku muryango usohokerwamo.
Komeza witonze kuko hashobora kuba hari:
- ibintu byaguye;
- ibirahure byamenetse;
- insinga z’amashanyarazi;
- ibyangiritse ku nyubako;
- inkongi y’umuriro;
- imyuka ya gaz isohoka;
- ibintu byamenetse bisukika;
- imiryango isohokerwamo yafunganye;
- abantu bakomeretse;
- indi mitingito ikurikiraho.
Nta gihe rusange cy’amasegonda 15, 20 cyangwa 30 abantu bose bagomba gutegereza byanze bikunze munsi y’ameza nyuma ya buri mutingito.
Icyemezo kigomba gushingira ku miterere y’aho uri.
2.11Witegure ukunyeganyega gukurikira
Nyuma y’umutingito hashobora gukurikiraho ukundi kunyeganyega. Komeza witeguye kongera kwikinga.
Niba ukundi kunyeganyega gutangiye
Unama – ikingire – ikomeze.
Ntutekereze ko akaga karangiye kubera ko kunyeganyega kwa mbere kwahagaze.
2.12Gusohoka nyuma yo kunyeganyega
Bishobora kuba ngombwa kwimuka iyo hari
- ibyangiritse bigaragara;
- umuriro, impumuro cyangwa ibimenyetso by’uko gaze yasohotse;
- ibyago biturutse ku mashanyarazi cyangwa ibintu bidahamye bishobora kugwa;
- imiterere ituma gukomeza kuguma aho hantu bidatekanye;
- amabwiriza atangwa n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha.
Niba ari ngombwa kwimuka
- koresha inzira zihari nta kaga;
- ntukoreshe lift;
- genda utiruka;
- irinde gusunikana;
- fasha abakeneye ubufasha;
- abana n’amatsinda y’abantu ubagumane hamwe;
- jya ahantu hagenwe ho guteranira;
- jya kure y’inkuta z’inyubako n’izindi mpanuka.
Ntabwo hagomba gushyirwaho itegeko rusange rivuga ko abantu bose bagomba guhita basohoka nyuma ya buri mutingito.
Mbere na mbere hagomba gusuzumwa uko aho hantu hameze n’amabwiriza y’inzego zibifitiye ububasha.
2.13Abantu bafite ubumuga mu gihe cyo gusohoka
Iyo bibaye ngombwa gusohoka, hagomba kugeragezwa ko umuntu agumana ibikoresho by’ingenzi bimufasha.
Bitewe n’uko bimeze:
- intebe y’abamugaye;
- inkoni;
- imbago;
- igikoresho cyo kugendaho;
- ibyuma bifasha kumva;
- ibikoresho byo gutumanaho;
- imiti y’ingenzi iri hafi kandi ishobora kuboneka ako kanya;
- ibindi bikoresho by’ingenzi.
Ntushake ibintu bitari iby’ingenzi
Ntutinde gusohoka igihe ari ngombwa kugira ngo ushake ibintu bitari iby’ingenzi.
Ntukoreshe asanseri
Ntukoreshe asanseri igihe hari ibyago byo kwangirika cyangwa igihe inzego zibifitiye ububasha cyangwa ababishinzwe bavuze ko itagomba gukoreshwa.
Huza gusohoka na buri muntu
Gusohoka bigomba guhuza n’ubushobozi n’ibikenewe bya buri muntu ndetse n’imiterere nyayo y’inzira zihari.
2.14Amahame agomba kuzirikanwa
Banza wirinde ako kanya
Ntutakaze amasegonda ya mbere ugerageza kumenya niba umutingito ukomeye cyangwa woroshye.
Unama – ikingire – ikomeze
Rinda cyane umutwe n’ijosi.
Ntiwirukire ku muryango mu gihe umutingito ukomeje
Gusohoka wihuse bishobora gutera gukomereka.
Ntukoreshe asanseri
Guma wikingiye kugeza kunyeganyega birangiye.
Jya kure y’ibirahure n’ibintu bishobora kugwa
Ariko ntukambuke ahantu hateye akaga bidakenewe kugira ngo ubikore.
Ntukoreshe imiryango ako kanya nk’aho kwikinga
Shaka ahantu hakwiye ho kwikinga kandi hafi.
Ntukoreshe icyo bita “mpandeshatatu y’ubuzima”
Koresha imyitwarire isabwa: UNAMA – IKINGIRE – IKOMEZE.
Rinda abana n’abantu bakeneye ubufasha utishyize mu kaga bidakenewe
Umuntu utanga ubufasha na we agomba kwirinda.
Niba uri hanze, jya kure y’ibintu bishobora kugwa
Shaka ahantu hafunguye igihe ubishoboye nta kaga.
Kunyeganyega kumaze gushira, banza usuzume mbere yo gukora
Hashobora kuba hari ibyangiritse, ibirahure, insinga, inkongi, imyuka isohoka n’izindi mpanuka.
Witegure ukunyeganyega gukurikira
Niba byongeye kunyeganyega: UNAMA – IKINGIRE – IKOMEZE.
Sohoka igihe bibaye ngombwa kandi usuzume ko nta kaga
Ntugahite usohoka ku buryo bitera akandi kaga.
Iyo umutingito utangiye, amasegonda ya mbere ni ayo kwirinda, si ayo gusohoka.
Ntiwiruke.
Ntukoreshe lift.
Ntukimuke bidakenewe.
Jya kure y’ibirahure n’ibintu bishobora kugwa igihe ubishobora utishyize mu kaga gakomeye.
Rinda cyane umutwe n’ijosi.
Fasha abana, abantu bakuru, abantu bafite ubumuga n’abakeneye ubufasha, ariko ntushyire ubuzima bwawe mu kaga bidakenewe.
Niba uri mu nyubako
Niba wari usanzwe uri hanze
Kunyeganyega kumaze guhagarara, banza urebe uko ibintu bimeze mbere yo kwimuka.
Witegure ukunyeganyega gukurikiraho.
Kandi wibuke ihame ry’ingenzi:
- Banza wirinde.
Kunyeganyega kumaze gushira, suzuma uko ibintu bimeze hanyuma usohoke mu buryo butunganyijwe igihe bibaye ngombwa kandi nta kaga.
Ibimanurwa
© 2026 na Centro del Reino de Paz y Justicia bikoreshwa hakurikijwe amasezerano ya Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Kugira ngo ubone kopi y'aya masezerano, sura creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.
