Imitingito — Igice cya 1 · Icyiciro cya 1: Mbere

Icyiciro cya 1: Mbere — Kwirinda, kugabanya ingaruka no gutegura

Icyiciro cyo kwitegura mbere ni cyo abaturage bashobora gufatiramo ingamba nyinshi zigamije kugabanya ibyago bashobora guhura na byo ndetse n’ibikomere.

Inzu, aho ukorera cyangwa ahantu hateranira abaturage hateguwe neza, bituma bigabanya ku buryo bugaragara ibyago bifitanye isano no kugwa kw’ibintu, kumeneka kw’ibirahure, kwangirika kw’ibikorwaremezo no kuziba kw’inzira zisohokerwamo.

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Ubwubatsi bwo kugabanya ingaruka mu rugo no ku kazi

Gukomeza umutekano w’ibidukikije

Ibikomere byinshi bibaho mu gihe cy’imitingito iciriritse cyangwa ikomeye biterwa n’ibintu bigwa, byimuka, bimeneka cyangwa bigwa hasi. Ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa kugabanya ibi byago hakiri kare.

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Gufata neza ibikoresho birebire kandi biremereye

Gufata mu buryo bwa gihanga: akabati, utubati tunini tw’ibitabo, amavitrine n’utwuma two gutunganyirizamo ibikoresho byo mu biro bigomba gufatanishwa neza n’ibice by’urukuta bikomeye kandi bishobora kwihanganira umutwaro, hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye bwo kubifata, nk’udukomatanyo tw’ibyuma n’imigozi ikwiye. Ntabwo hagomba gukoreshwa imisumari isanzwe yonyine.
Gukwirakwiza uburemere: shyira ibitabo biremereye, inkoranyamagambo, ibikoresho byo ku meza, amadosiye n’ibindi bintu biremereye ku tubati two hasi. Ahantu ho hejuru hagenewe ibintu byoroheje cyangwa imitako yoroshye.

Gushyira mu bikorwa: gukomeza ubufatanye bw’ibikoresho mu buryo butekanye no gukwirakwiza uburemere

Akabati k’ibitabo kafashe neza (ni byo)

Gufata ibikoresho ku rukuta ukoresheje udufatisho tw’ibyuma n’imigozi bikwiye. Ibi birinda ko bigwa mu gihe cy’umutingito.

Akabati k’ibitabo kadafashe (sibyo)

Mu gihe cy’umutingito, ibikoresho bitafashwe neza bishobora kugwa cyangwa guhirima, bigatera ibikomere bikomeye n’ibyangiritse ku bintu.

Gukwirakwiza neza uburemere (ni byo)

Shyira ibintu byoroheje mu tubati two hejuru, naho ibiremereye ubishyire ku tubati two hasi kugira ngo ibikoresho birusheho guhagarara neza.

Imfunguzo n’inzira zisohokerwamo

Bika imfunguzo z’inzira zisohokerwamo mu gihe cy’amage ahantu hamwe hazwi, hashobora kugerwaho ako kanya kandi hazwi n’abagize umuryango bose. Irinde kwishingikiriza ku kuba imfunguzo zihora ziri mu byuma bifungwa.

Umutekano w’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki na za ekara

Ekara ya televiziyo, monitor za mudasobwa n’ibikoresho by’amajwi bigomba gufatwa neza ku byicaro byabyo cyangwa ku rukuta, hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye bwo kubifata buburinda kugwa cyangwa kwimuka.

Kurinda ibirahure n’ahantu hari ibirahure

Amadirishya, indorerwamo nini n’ibice bigizwe n’ibirahure bishobora gutwikirwa n’amafilimi yabugenewe yo kubirinda, kugira ngo bigabanye gukwirakwira kw’ibice by’ibirahure mu gihe bimenetse.
Irinde gushyira ibitanda, intebe ndende n’ahantu abantu bakunze kwicaramo hafi y’ahantu hanini hagizwe n’ibirahure.

Ibintu bimanitse

Ventilatere zo ku gisenge, amatara n’amatara manini yo kumurika ahantu bigomba kuba bifite uburyo bwizewe kandi bukwiye bwo kubifata.
Irinde gushyira amashusho aremereye, indorerwamo, utubati cyangwa ibindi bintu bishobora kugwa hejuru y’ibitanda, amasofa cyangwa ahantu abantu bamara igihe kinini.

Antena n’ibindi bikoresho bishyirwa ku bisenge

Antena, panneaux, ibigega, ibikoresho byo hanze n’ibindi bikoresho bishyizwe ku bisenge cyangwa ku nyubako ziri hejuru bigomba kugira uburyo bukwiye bwo kubifata ku miterere y’inyubako.
Kwinjiza no gufata neza ibi bikoresho bigomba gukorwa mu buryo bukwiye kandi, aho bikenewe, bigasuzumwa n’abakozi babifitiye ubushobozi. Uburyo bwo kubifata bwakozwe mu buryo bw’akanya gato bushobora kubihindura ibintu biteje akaga mu gihe cy’umutingito.

Ibintu biteje akaga

Imiti y’ibinyabutabire ikoreshwa mu ngo cyangwa mu nganda (nk’umuti wica udukoko, aside, amarangi, imiti yica udukoko n’imiti itera umwuka) igomba kubikwa mu tubati two hasi kandi dutekanye, byaba byiza dufite uburyo butuma imiryango itifungura ku buryo butunguranye mu gihe habayeho kunyeganyega.

WIBUKE

Fata ibikoresho byose birebire kandi biremereye ku rukuta cyangwa hasi.
Buri gihe genzura uburyo ibikoresho bifashwe ndetse n’imiterere y’inzu yawe.
Tegura kandi uhore ubungabunga ahantu hawe hatekanye kandi hatarimo ibintu bibangamira inzira.

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Ibikorwa remezo n’uburyo bw’ubuzima

Kwangirika kw’imiyoboro ya gazi, amashanyarazi n’amazi bishobora guteza inkongi z’umuriro, gusohoka kwa gazi, imyuzure n’izindi ngaruka nyuma y’umutingito.

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Gazi n’ibicanwa

Menya aho valve nkuru itanga gazi iherereye kandi urebe ko abantu bakuru bashinzwe babizi uko bayifunga.
Komeza ahagera kuri iyo valve hatabangamiwe.
Aho bikenewe, koresha imiyoboro ihindagurika yemewe kandi ibereye ibikoresho.
Ibikoresho bigomba kuba byashyizweho kandi bigakomezwa neza.

Ni ngombwa!

Mu gihe cy’umutingito NTUkazenguruka mu nzu ushaka gufunga gazi.

Nyuma y’umutingito

Iyo umutingito urangiye, kandi ari uko gusa kubikora bitekanye, genzura imiyoboro. Funga gazi niba hari ibimenyetso by’uko isohoka.

Uruhererekane: mu gihe kinyeganyega, wikinge munsi y’ameza; ntugakore ku valve ya gazi mu gihe kunyeganyega bikomeje; bimaze kurangira, genzura imiyoboro igihe ari byiza kubikora.

Sisitemu y’amashanyarazi

Menya aho agasanduku rusange k’amashanyarazi kari.
Komeza utubuto two kuzimya no kwatsa amashanyarazi twanditswe neza.
Menya neza ko abantu bakuru bashinzwe bazi uburyo bwo guhagarika itangwa ry’amashanyarazi.

Nyuma y’umutingito: umutingito umaze kurangira, zimya amashanyarazi niba ubonye ibyangiritse ku mashanyarazi kandi ushobora kubikora mu buryo butekanye.

Amazi meza

Menya aho robine nkuru ifunga amazi iherereye.
Bungabunga inzira igera kuri robine hatabangamiwe n’imbogamizi.
Nyuma y’umutingito, kurikiza amabwiriza y’abayobozi arebana n’umutekano w’itangwa ry’amazi.

WIBUKE

Menya valuve zose za gazi.
Menya agasanduku rusange k’amashanyarazi.
Menya robine nkuru ifunga amazi.

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Gahunda y’ihutirwa y’umuryango cyangwa abaturage

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Kumenya ingaruka zishobora kuboneka mu nyubako

Menya ingaruka, ahantu ho kwikinga n’inzira zo gusohokeramo.

Igishushanyo cy’inzu kigaragaza ahantu ho kwikinga, ahantu hateje ibyago n’inzira zo gusohokeramo zitabangamiwe.

Agace k'uburinzi(ameza n'intebe zihamye)

Agace k'akaga(ibintu bishobora kugwa cyangwa hejuru hateye akaga)

Inzira isohoka(yigume idefumbye)

Icyitonderwa

Ibizingiti by’imiryango ntabwo bihita biba ahantu hatekanye. Mu mazu ya kera, ibizingiti by’imiryango byashoboraga kuba ari byo byonyine byasigaraga bihagaze kubera ubukomere bw’imyubakire yabyo, ariko mu nyubako zigezweho ntabwo aba akomeye mu buryo bw’imiterere.

Menya kandi ahantu hashoboka gushyira mu bikorwa neza imyitwarire yo kwirinda:

Umuntu wunamye ku maboko n’amavi iruhande rw’ameza akomeye.

Umuntu witwikiriye umutwe n’ijosi munsi y’ameza akomeye.

Umuntu ufashe ukuguru kw’ameza mu gihe akomeje kwikinga munsi yayo.

Igihe cyose bishoboka, jya wikinga munsi y’ameza cyangwa y’akameza k’akazi gakomeye.

Ibyago biri hanze

Menya mbere y’igihe ibyago biri hafi y’inzu, inyubako, ishuri cyangwa aho ukorera.

Igishushanyo cy’umuhanda gifite ibimenyetso bigaragaza ikyapa kimanitse, inkingi ifite insinga z’amashanyarazi, urukuta na antena, hamwe n’akambi kerekana ahantu hafunguye kandi hatarangwamo ibintu ku mpera y’umuhanda.

Ibintu bishobora kugwa

imitako yo ku rukuta
ibyapa
antene

Ibikorwa remezo by’inyubako (witwararika ibikurikira)

inkingi z’amashanyarazi
intsinga z’amashanyarazi
inkuta

Ibidukikije (irinde ahantu hafi ya)

inkingi z’amashanyarazi
imbere h’inyubako
ibiti

Igishushanyo cy’inyubako ifite antena ku gisenge n’ishuri, hamwe n’ibimenyetso bigaragaza antena n’isaha iri hejuru y’irembo ry’ishuri.

Ahantu hafunguye kandi hatarangwamo ibintu

Menya mbere y’igihe ahantu hafunguye kandi hatarimo ibizitira hashobora gukoreshwa nyuma y’umutingito.

Gahunda yateguwe mbere ituma umuntu ashobora gukora mu buryo buteguye neza mu gihe cy’ibyihutirwa.

WIBUKE

Suzuma inzu yawe buri gihe.
Ganira kuri iyo gahunda n’abagize umuryango bose.

Igabanywa ry’inshingano

Mbere y’uko habaho ibyihutirwa, buri wese mu bagize umuryango agomba kumenya inshingano ze.

Ushinzwe gusohora abantu mu nyubako

Azafata igikapu cy’ibikoresho by’ubutabazi, maze umutingito urangiye, igihe bibaye ngombwa ko musohoka, ayobore itsinda mu nzira yari yateganyijwe.

Ushinzwe umutekano

Umutingito umaze kurangira, kandi ari uko gusa kubikora bitekanye, azagenzura ibikorwaremezo. Azafunga gaze niba hari ibimenyetso by’uko isohoka, kandi azaca amashanyarazi niba abonye ibyangiritse ku mashanyarazi.

Ushinzwe abantu bakeneye ubufasha

Azafasha impinja, abana, abantu bageze mu zabukuru, abantu bafite ubumuga n’abandi bantu bakeneye ubufasha.

Amatungo

Mugena kandi uzaba ushinzwe amatungo.

Itumanaho

Hitamo umwe mu bagize umuryango cyangwa umuntu mwizeye utuye hanze y’agace mutuyemo, kugira ngo abe umuhuza w’amakuru.
Buri wese mu bagize umuryango agomba kumenya cyangwa kwandikishaho nimero ye ya telefoni.
Nyuma y’umutingito, igihe bishoboka, mujye mwohereza ubutumwa bugufi bugaragaza uko mumeze n’aho muri.

Muvugane mu buryo bunoze

Ubutumwa bugufi

Iyo imiyoboro y’itumanaho yuzuye, ubutumwa bugufi bushobora kuba ingirakamaro.

Guhamagara kuri telefoni

Yikoreshe igihe bishoboka, ariko imiyoboro ishobora kuba yuzuye.

Ahantu ho guhurira

Ahantu ho guhurira ako kanya: ahantu hatekanye kandi hafunguye, hafi y’aho mutuye.
Ahahurirwa h’agateganyo: pariki, ikibuga, ahantu hahurira abantu benshi cyangwa ahandi hantu hafunguye mwumvikanyeho mbere, kugira ngo hakoreshwe igihe aho mutuye hataba hatekanye cyangwa hatagikoreshwa.

WIBUKE

Gahunda ikora neza kurushaho iyo buri wese azi icyo agomba gukora, uko bagomba gutumanaho n’aho bagomba guhurira.

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Igikapu n’ibikoresho by’ubutabazi

Igikapu cy’ubutabazi bwihutirwa kigomba gutuma umuntu abona vuba ibikoresho by’ibanze bikenewe mu gihe cyo kwimuka. Uretse igikapu gitwarwa, ni byiza kandi kugira ibikoresho by’ubutabazi bwihutirwa bibikwa mu rugo.

Igikapu kigomba kuba gikomeye, cyoroshye gutwarwa kandi kikabikwa ahantu hazwi kandi hagaragara. Ingano n’imitunganyirize y’igikapu bizaterwa n’umubare w’abagize urugo ndetse n’imbaraga z’abazagitwara.

Igikapu cy’ubutabazi gifunguye kirimo amazi, ibifunitse, ibisuguti, agasanduku k’imiti, radiyo, itoroshi n’ibindi bikoresho by’ingenzi.

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Amazi n’ibiribwa

Amazi

Nk’ihame rusange, teganya hafi litiro 4 z’amazi kuri buri muntu ku munsi, harimo ayo kunywa n’ayo gukoresha mu bindi by’ibanze, ku gihe kingana nibura n’iminsi itatu mu gihe cyo kwimuka.

Kubera uburemere bw’amazi, tandukanya hagati ya:

Amazi ashobora gutwarwa mu buryo bushoboka mu gikapu.

Amazi y’ubutabazi bwihutirwa abikwa mu rugo.

Ibifunitse, ibisuguti, agapaki k’impeke, imbuto zumye n’icupa ry’amazi.

Ibiribwa bidapfa kwangirika

Shyiramo ibiribwa byoroshye kurya no kubika nka:

bifunitse mu bikombe;
ibiribwa bifite uburyo bworoshye bwo gufungura;
agapaki k’impeke;
imbuto zumye;
ibisuguti;
ibindi biribwa bidapfa kwangirika bihuye n’ibikenewe n’umuryango.

Muzirikane ibyatera umubiri ubwivumbure, ibyo umubiri utihanganira n’ibindi biribwa byihariye bikenewe.

Ku mpinja n’abana bato, shyiramo amata y’abana, ibiribwa by’abana n’ibindi bikoresho byihariye bikenewe.

Ku matungo yororerwa mu rugo, shyiramo n’ibiryo biboneye.

Agasanduku k’imiti n’ubuzima

Amacupa y’imiti, urupapuro rwandikwaho imiti, agasanduku k’ubutabazi bw’ibanze, gaz, bande ifata n’agapfukamunwa.

Shyiramo:

imiti mukoresha buri gihe;
kopi y’impapuro zandikwaho imiti cyangwa amabwiriza ya muganga bikenewe;
gaz za sterili;
ibicuruzwa;
bande y’ubuvuzi ifata;
umuti wica mikorobe;
ibikoresho by’ibanze by’ubutabazi bw’ibanze;
udupfukamunwa tuboneye ahantu hari ivumbi;
ibindi bikoresho byihariye bikenewe ku bagize urugo.

Abantu bakeneye imiti y’ingenzi bagomba, igihe bishoboka kandi bakurikije amabwiriza abigenewe, guteganya imiti ihagije yo gukoresha mu minsi myinshi.

Ibikoresho, amatara n’itumanaho

Itoroshi

Ahabanza, koresha itoroshi yambarwa ku mutwe, ituma amaboko akomeza kuba abohotse. Hashobora kandi gukoreshwa amatara akoreshwa n’imashini y’intoki. Niba akoresha bateri, bika neza bateri zisimbura.

Radiyo yimukanwa

Gumana radiyo nto yimukanwa ya AM/FM ikoresha bateri cyangwa maniveli kugira ngo ubashe kwakira amakuru yemewe igihe imiyoboro ya telefoni zigendanwa cyangwa interineti byaba byahagaritswe cyangwa byuzuye.

Ibikoresho

Hashobora kongerwamo ibikoresho byinshi bikomatanyije biboneye gukoreshwa mu gihe cy’amage, buri gihe bikabikwa ahantu hizewe kandi hatagera abana.

Ifirimbi

Shyiramo ifirimbi ishobora gutanga ibimenyetso bitabaye ngombwa ko umuntu ataka igihe kirekire.

Bateri yimukanwa

Gumana bateri yo hanze yuzuye umuriro n’insinga zijyanye na telefoni zigendanwa.

Isuku n’ibikoresho by’isuku

Shyiramo:

Uduhanagura dutose

Geli yica mikorobe

Isabune

Impapuro z’isuku

Uburoso bwo koza amenyo n’umuti w’amenyo

Ibikoresho by’isuku y’imihango igihe bikenewe

Amashashi afunga neza yo kubikamo ibintu

Ibihanagura bitose na geli bituma umuntu akomeza isuku y’ibanze by’igihe gito igihe bidashoboka gukaraba neza hakoreshejwe amazi n’isabune, ariko ntibigomba gufatwa nk’ibisimbura bihwanye no gukaraba intoki.

Imyambaro, ibyo kwifubika n’inyandiko

Shyiramo:

Ikiringiti cy’ubushyuhe

Umwenda wo guhindura

Imyambaro ibereye ikirere

Imyambaro itinjirwamo n’amazi igihe bikenewe

Inkweto zifunze kandi zikomeye

Kopi z’inyandiko z’ingenzi zirinzwe amazi

Amakuru y’aho umuntu abarizwa

Amafaranga y’imiceri n’inoti ntoya

Curisha imfunguzo zikenewe

Inama zo gutegura igikapu

Ahantu

Yibike ahantu hagerwa kandi hazwi n’abagize urugo bose.

Uburemere

Igikapu ntikigomba na rimwe kuba kiremereye ku buryo kibangamira kwimuka mu mutekano.

Umuntu wunamye kubera uburemere bw’igikapu: uburemere burenze urugero.

Isuzuma ry’igihe cyose

Jya usuzuma buri gihe:

Kalendari ifite ibimenyetso byo kugenzura.

amazi
ibiryo
imiti
bateri
bateri yo hanze
inyandiko
imyambaro
ibikenewe byihariye ku bana, abantu bafite ubumuga n’amatungo.

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Itegurwa ry’impinja n’abana

Ingo zirimo impinja cyangwa abana zigomba guhuza imyiteguro yazo n’ibyo bakeneye byihariye.

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Shyiramo ibikurikira bitewe n’ibikenewe:

impapuro z’abana
udutambaro two guhanagura abana
amata y’abana
amacupa y’abana n’ibikoresho bikenewe
ibiribwa by’abana
imiti
imyambaro y’inyongera
umwambaro wo kwiyorosa
ibikoresho by’isuku
indangamuntu n’amakuru y’abantu bahamagazwa mu gihe cy’amage

Impapuro z’abana, udutambaro, ikiringiti, imyambaro, imiti n’ikarita y’abantu bahamagarwa mu gihe cy’amage.

Amata y’abana, icupa ry’umwana n’ibiribwa by’abana.

Igikapu cy’ubutabazi cy’uruhinja kirimo igikinisho cy’ubwoya, amata y’abana n’icupa.

Ibyo wakongeraho

Shyiramo igikinisho gito, igikinisho cy’ubwoya cyangwa ikindi kintu umwana akunda cyane, n’ibikorwa byoroheje bishobora gufasha umwana gukomeza kugira icyo akora no kugabanya ubwoba.

Igikapu cy’umwana bwite

Abana bakuze, urwego rw’imikurire n’ubushobozi bw’umubiri bihagije bashobora kugira igikapu cyabo bwite cyoroheje. Ntabwo hakwiye gushyirwaho imyaka imwe rusange y’abana bose yo gutwara igikapu cyabo bwite: uburemere bwacyo bugomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ubushobozi bwa buri mwana ku giti cye, kandi ntibukwiye na rimwe kumubuza kugenda, kuringaniza umubiri cyangwa kwimurwa ahantu hameze nabi.

Umwana ugenda ahagaze neza afite igikapu cyoroheje: ni byo.

Umwana wunamye kubera uburemere bw’igikapu: sibyo.

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Imyitozo n’amahugurwa

Buri gihe mukore imyitozo y’ibyo mukwiye gukora mu gihe cy’umutingito n’uko mukwiye kwitwara nyuma yawo.

Imyitozo ishobora gukorwa harebwa ibihe bitandukanye:

Umutingito ubaye nijoro

Gucika kw’amashanyarazi

Inzira isanzwe yo gusohokamo ifunzwe

Gukenera gufasha umuntu utishoboye

Kuba hari amatungo

Umuryango wikinze munsi y’ameza akomeye, utwikiriye uruhinja, hamwe n’itungo ryabo iruhande.

Abagize umuryango bose bagomba kumenya inzira zo gusohokeramo n’ahantu ho guhurira.

Umuryango n’itungo ryawo bahurira iruhande rw’ikyapa cy’ahantu ho guhurira.

Ubufasha bw’ibanze

Ni byiza ko bamwe mu bagize umuryango cyangwa abaturage bahabwa amahugurwa asanzwe y’ubufasha bw’ibanze no kuzahura umuntu wahagaritse guhumeka (CPR).

1.7

Imyitwarire y’ibanze mu gihe cy’umutingito

Imyiteguro yose ibanza igomba kuba ikubiyemo kwitoza imyitwarire ikwiye, izakorwa umutingito utangiye.

UNAMA — IKINGIRE — IKOMEZE

UNAMA

Manuka hasi ako kanya kugira ngo wirinde kugwa.

IKINGIRE

Rinda cyane cyane umutwe n’ijosi. Igihe cyose bishoboka, jya munsi y’ameza cyangwa akameza gakomeye.

IKOMEZE

Komera ku kintu kikurinda kugeza igihe umutingito urangiriye.

Mu gihe cy’umutingito

Ntukiruke werekeza aho basohokera mu gihe ubutaka bukinyeganyega.

Umuntu wiruka yerekeza ku muryango usohokerwamo mu gihe ubutaka bunyeganyega.

Ntukoreshe asanseri.

Umuntu uhagaze imbere y’umuryango wa asanseri, hamwe n’ikimenyetso kibuza gukoresha asanseri.

Ntugahite ujya kwikinga mu nkomanizo z’imiryango.

Umuntu witwikiriye umutwe munsi y’ikizingiti cy’umuryango.

Ikimenyetso kibuza kwikinga mu nkomanizo z’imiryango.

Irinde amadirishya, ibirahure n’ibintu bishobora kugwa.

Umuntu wunamye yitwikiriye umutwe mu gihe idirishya rimeneka n’ishusho igwa.

Ntukagendagende mu nzu bidakenewe.

Umuntu ugendagenda mu cyumba cyo kwakiriramo abashyitsi mu gihe cyo kunyeganyega.

Ntugerageze gufunga gaze cyangwa amashanyarazi mu gihe umutingito ukomeje.

Umuntu ukora ku gasanduku k’amashanyarazi mu gihe cy’umutingito.

Ikimenyetso kibuza gufunga robine ya gaze mu gihe cyo kunyeganyega.

Ikimenyetso kibuza gukora ku rubuto rw’amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo kunyeganyega.

Niba uri hanze y’inyubako

Guma aho uri cyangwa wimukire, igihe ushobora kubikora mu buryo bwizewe, ujye ahantu hafunguye kandi hatarimo ibintu, kure y’inyubako, inkuta zo hanze, ibice by’inyubako bimanitse, ibirahure, inkingi, insinga z’amashanyarazi, ibiti, ibyapa n’ibindi bintu bishobora kugwa.

Umuntu uva kure y’impande z’inyubako, inkingi n’insinga yerekeza muri pariki ifunguye kandi itarangwamo ibintu.

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Imyiteguro y’urugo mu gihe cy’ijoro

Mu duce dukunze kubamo imitingito, ni ngombwa guhora urinda ko ibintu byakumira umutekano, ku buryo washobora kwitwara neza kandi mu mutekano mu gihe cy’ijoro.

Aho kuryama

Icyumba cyo kuryamamo nijoro: uburiri butarimo ibintu, itoroshi n’indorerwamo z’amaso ku kameza, n’inkweto iruhande rw’uburiri.

Irinde gushyira ibintu biremereye hejuru y’umutwe w’igitanda.
Irinde gusiga ibikinisho, inkweto, insinga, ibikapu cyangwa ibindi bintu bishobora gutuma ugwa.
Bika inkweto zifunze kandi zikomeye hafi y’igitanda.
Gira itara ry’intoki hafi yawe ku buryo urigeraho byoroshye.
Niba ukoresha indorerwamo z’amaso, zihore ahantu ushobora kugeraho kandi uzi neza.
Komeza ahakikije uburiri n’inzira zinyurwamo hatarimo inzitizi.

Inzira z’ibyumba n’izisohoka

Inzira itarimo inzitizi ifite ikimenyetso cy’aho basohokera mu gihe cy’amage n’imfunguzo zimanitse ahantu hagenwe.

Komeza kwirinda inzitizi mu nzira.
Ntugafunge imiryango cyangwa inzira zo gusohokamo.
Bika imfunguzo zikenewe mu gusohoka ahantu hagenwe, hagaragara kandi hagerwa ako kanya, kandi hazwi na bose.
Igihe bishoboka, koresha amatara y’ubutabazi akora n’igihe amashanyarazi yacitse.

Igikoni n’ahantu ha serivisi

Igikoni gifite utubati twafunze neza n’igice cyerekana agafungisho k’imiryango yatwo.

Komeza utubati n’utubati two mu gikoni bifunze neza.
Koresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gufata no gukumira ibintu igihe bikenewe.
Ntugasige ibikoresho bishobora guteza akaga bikora bidakenewe kandi nta muntu ubigenzura.

Ntabwo ari ngombwa gufunga gaze buri joro nk’ingamba rusange yo kwirinda umutingito.

Kwirinda bigomba kwibanda ku gukomeza ibikorwaremezo bitekanye, imiyoboro ihujwe neza, ibikoresho bifashwe neza, no kumenya aho amavaruve yo gufunga aherereye n’uko akora.

Imyiteguro y’umuntu bwite

Komeza telefoni ifite umuriro uhagije kandi iri ahantu wayigeraho byoroshye.

Fungura ubutumwa bw’imbuzi zemewe ziboneka aho utuye.

Bika igikapu cy’ubutabazi ahantu hagenwe.

Menya neza ko bose bazi aho giherereye.

1.9

Gutegura amatungo

Kwitegura hakiri kare bifasha kurinda no kongera kubona amatungo nyuma y’ibihe by’amage.

Umwirondoro

Umudari

Imbwa n’injangwe bigomba kugira ibiranga umwirondoro n’amakuru y’aho wabibariza bigezweho.

Mikorochipi

Iyo biboneka, tekereza ku gukoresha mikorochipi kandi ugumane amakuru ayiherekeza agezweho.

Amafoto

Bika amafoto aheruka y’itungo kuri telefoni kandi, niba bishoboka, ubike kopi yayo hamwe n’inyandiko z’ubutabazi.

Imbwa n’injangwe iruhande rw’agasanduku ko kuzitwaramo, umugozi, icyo kuriramo, amazi n’igikapu cy’ubutabazi cy’amatungo.

Ibikoresho by’ubutabazi by’itungo

Nashyiramo:

Ibiryo bihagije by’iminsi myinshi

Amazi

Ibikoresho bitwarwamo

Imiti ikenewe

Inyandiko z’ubuvuzi bw’amatungo

Ibikoresho by’isuku

Amashashi yo gushyiramo imyanda

Ibikoresho byihariye bitewe n’ubwoko bw’itungo

Kutwara

Umwana yikinisha injangwe ye iruhande rw’agasanduku ko kuyitwaramo gafunguye.

Agasanduku ko gutwaramo itungo. Bika agasanduku ko gutwaramo itungo ahantu hashobora kugerwaho byoroshye. Menyereza itungo kugakoresha mbere kugira ngo bigabanye umunaniro ukabije mu gihe cy’amage.

Umugozi w’icyatsi n’umukandara w’ubururu by’itungo.

Umugozi wo kuyobora n’umukandara. Bihore bibitse ahantu hamwe kandi hashobora kugerwaho byoroshye, byaba byiza hafi y’ibikoresho by’ubutabazi.

Ikiringiti cyazingiye gifite ikirenge gishushanyije n’igikinisho cy’idubu.

Ikintu itungo risanzwe rimenyereye. Gishobora kuba igitambaro, igikinisho cyangwa ikindi kintu rimenyereye gifasha kugabanya umunaniro ukabije w’itungo.

Ahakikije hatekanye

Injangwe yihishe ku kiringiti munsi y’akameza gato.

Menya ahantu itungo risanzwe ryihisha iyo rifite ubwoba.

Irinde gushyira ibi muri utwo duce:

Utubati turemereye

Indorerwamo

Amashusho yo ku nkuta

Ibintu bishobora kugwa

Iyo kunyeganyega birangiye, kandi igihe ari byiza kubikora, banza ugenzure itungo mbere yo gufungura inzugi zisohokera hanze, kuko itungo rifite ubwoba rishobora kugerageza gutoroka.

1.10

Abantu bafite ubumuga (PCD)

Kwitegura bigomba guteza imbere ubushobozi bwo kwigenga, guhuza ibidukikije n’ibyifuzo byihariye bya buri muntu no guteganya hakiri kare imiyoboro y’ubufasha.

Mu gihe cy’umutingito, icy’ibanze ni ukwirinda ako kanya aho uri, hanyuma ukimuka nyuma y’uko kunyeganyega birangiye, igihe imiterere y’ahantu ibisabye.

Itsinda ry’abantu riherekeje umugore uri mu igare ry’abamugaye n’umugabo mukuru ufite inkoni.

Kugenzura inzu

Inzira n’icyumba cyo kuryamamo bifite inzira zinyurwamo zitarimo inzitizi ku muntu uri mu igare ry’abamugaye.

Inzira nyabagendwa: komeza inzira zikoreshwa n’abantu bakoresha amagare y’abafite ubumuga, ibikoresho bifasha kugenda, inkoni cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byifashishwa mu kugenda zitarimo ibintu bibangamira.

Ibyumba byo kuryamamo. Shyira ibitanda kure ya:

Amadirishya

Indorerwamo

Ibikoresho birebire

Amashusho aremereye

Ibindi bintu bishobora kugwa

Urusobe rw’ubufasha

Tegura mbere y’igihe urusobe rw’abagize umuryango, abaturanyi, abo mukorana cyangwa abandi bantu mwizeye, bashobora kugenzura uko PCD ameze no kumuha ubufasha nyuma y’umutingito.

Urusobe ugomba kumenya:

ibyifuzo byihariye by’umuntu;
aho imiti n’ibikoresho by’ingenzi biherereye;
inzira zishobora kugerwamo;
uburyo bw’ibikorwa bwumvikanyweho mbere;
iyo bikenewe kandi bikwiye, shyiraho uburyo bwizewe bwo gutuma abafasha bashobora kwinjira mu rugo.

Igikapu cy’ibikoresho byihariye

Usibye ibikoresho rusange, shyiramo n’ibikoresho byihariye umuntu akeneye.

Igikapu cy’ubutabazi gifite ikimenyetso cy’ubushobozi bwo kugerwaho, imiti, igipimo cy’isukari n’amazi.

Icupa ry’imiti, utubari tw’ibinini n’urupapuro rw’amabwiriza.

Bika imiti y’ingenzi n’amakuru akenewe ku ikoreshwa ryayo.

Ikarita irinzwe irimo amakuru y’umuntu n’amakuru ye y’ubuvuzi.

Shyiramo ikarita irinzwe neza irimo amakuru akenewe kugira ngo ubufasha butangwe, nka:

izina,
ibyifuzo by’ubufasha,
aleliji,
imiti,
abo kuvugisha mu gihe cy’amage,
andi makuru y’ingenzi.

Insinga ya charger n’ibyuma bifasha kumva.

Shyiramo, bitewe n’ibikenewe:

bateri z’inyongera,
charger,
ibikoresho byifashishwa ku byuma bifasha kumva,
ibikoresho bijyanye n’ibikoresho bifasha kugenda,
uburyo bw’ubundi buryo bwo gutumanaho,
ibindi bikoresho by’ingenzi bikenewe.

04 · Kwitegura hakurikijwe ibyangombwa byihariye

Abantu bafite ubushobozi buke bwo kugenda. Niba ukoresha igare ry’abafite ubumuga:

FATA FERI – WIKINGIRE – IKOMEZE

FATA FERI

Kanda feri.

WIKINGIRE

Rinda umutwe n’ijosi.

IKOMEZE

Unama hasi igihe bishoboka. Fata ukomeze ufate kugeza igihinda kirangiye.

Buri gihe ujye ubika inkoni, amaboko yifashishwa mu kugenda, ibyuma bifasha kugenda n’ibindi bikoresho byifashishwa mu kugenda ahantu umuntu ashobora kubigeraho bitagoranye.

Abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona

Umugore ufite inkoni iyobora anyura mu nzira ifite ibikoresho bihora ahantu hamwe.

Teganya kandi utegure ibikoresho byo mu nzu ku buryo butunganye kandi bworoshye kumenyekana.
Menyesha impinduka iyo ari yo yose ku mwanya ibintu biherereyemo.
Banza wimenyereze inzira n’imigendekere y’ibikorwa by’ubutabazi bw’ihutirwa hamwe n’urwego rw’abagufasha.
Nyuma y’umutingito, uzirikane ko ibintu byaguye bishobora kuba byarahinduye inzira wari usanzwe uzi.

Abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva

Umugore witegereza telefoni inyeganyega ku meza.

Igikoresho cy’imbuzi y’urumuri gishyizwe ku rukuta.

Iyo biboneka, koresha uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru hakoreshejwe ibimenyetso bigaragara, urumuri cyangwa kunyeganyega.

Gumana ibikoresho by’ubundi buryo bwo gutumanaho biboneka, nka:

Telefone igendanwa

Impapuro cyangwa agatabo k’inyandiko

Ikaramu y’igiti, marikeri cyangwa ikaramu y’amabara

Ikibaho

Abantu bafite ubumuga bw’ubwonko, bw’ubwenge cyangwa abantu bafite imiterere yihariye y’imikoreshereze y’ubwonko

Tegura mbere y’igihe uwo muntu ukoresheje uburyo bukwiranye n’ibyo akeneye, nka:

ibimenyetso by’amashusho;
amabwiriza y’amashusho;
inkuru z’imibereho;
imyitozo y’ubutabazi ikorwa buhoro buhoro;
gusubiramo gahunda zoroshye.

Mu gikapu hashobora kongerwamo ibikoresho bifasha kugabanya umunaniro wo mu mutwe, nka:

Utwuma twumva amajwi

Ibikinisho n’ibintu umwana akunda

Ibintu bifasha mu byumviro

Imyitozo y’ubutabazi igomba gukorwa buhoro buhoro kandi igahuza n’ibikenewe, hirindwa gutera bidakenewe ubwoba, agahinda cyangwa gukabya gukangurwa kw’ibyiyumvo.

Ingenzi

Kwitegura hifashishijwe ubundi buryo bujyanye n’ibyo uwo muntu akeneye.

✓

Mwibuke

Kwitegura bitangira MBERE y’umutingito. Komeza neza ibintu bishobora kugwa. Gumana inzira zigenwa neza kandi zitabangamiwe. Tegura amazi, ibiribwa, imiti n’ibikoresho by’ibanze bikenewe. Tegura umuryango wawe cyangwa abo muturanye. Menya ahari ibyago. Jya ukora imyitozo buri gihe.

Kandi ik’ingenzi kurushaho, buri wese agomba kumenya no kwimenyereza icyo gukora igihe umutingito utangiye:

UNAMA – IKINGIRE – IKOMEZE

UNAMA

Manuka hasi ako kanya.

IKINGIRE

Rinda umutwe n’ijosi.

IKOMEZE

Komeza ufate kugeza umutingito urangiye.

Ntukiruke ujya ku muryango usohokeramo mu gihe umutingito ugikomeje. Banza wikingire. Sohoka nyuma y’uko umutingito urangiye, igihe bibaye ngombwa kandi ari na bwo kuba usohotse ari umutekano.

Ibimanurwa

PDF Agatabo: Amatungo Agatabo: Icyitegererezo Agatabo: Abafite ubumuga

© 2026 na Centro del Reino de Paz y Justicia bikoreshwa hakurikijwe amasezerano ya Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Kugira ngo ubone kopi y'aya masezerano, sura creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

Ibikurikira

Imitingito — Igice cya 1 · Icyiciro cya 2: Mu gihe uri kuba →

Imitingito — Igice cya 1 · Icyiciro cya 1: Mbere

Intego y’icyigisho

Icyiciro cya 1: Mbere — Kwirinda, kugabanya ingaruka no gutegura

Ubwubatsi bwo kugabanya ingaruka mu rugo no ku kazi

Gukomeza umutekano w’ibidukikije

Gufata neza ibikoresho birebire kandi biremereye

Gushyira mu bikorwa: gukomeza ubufatanye bw’ibikoresho mu buryo butekanye no gukwirakwiza uburemere

Akabati k’ibitabo kafashe neza (ni byo)

Akabati k’ibitabo kadafashe (sibyo)

Gukwirakwiza neza uburemere (ni byo)

Imfunguzo n’inzira zisohokerwamo

Umutekano w’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki na za ekara

Kurinda ibirahure n’ahantu hari ibirahure

Ibintu bimanitse

Antena n’ibindi bikoresho bishyirwa ku bisenge

Ibintu biteje akaga

Ibikorwa remezo n’uburyo bw’ubuzima

Gazi n’ibicanwa

Sisitemu y’amashanyarazi

Amazi meza

Gahunda y’ihutirwa y’umuryango cyangwa abaturage

Kumenya ingaruka zishobora kuboneka mu nyubako

Ibyago biri hanze

Ibintu bishobora kugwa

Ibikorwa remezo by’inyubako (witwararika ibikurikira)

Ibidukikije (irinde ahantu hafi ya)

Ahantu hafunguye kandi hatarangwamo ibintu

Igabanywa ry’inshingano

Ushinzwe gusohora abantu mu nyubako

Ushinzwe umutekano

Ushinzwe abantu bakeneye ubufasha

Amatungo

Itumanaho

Muvugane mu buryo bunoze

Ubutumwa bugufi

Guhamagara kuri telefoni

Ahantu ho guhurira

Igikapu n’ibikoresho by’ubutabazi

Amazi n’ibiribwa

Amazi

Ibiribwa bidapfa kwangirika

Agasanduku k’imiti n’ubuzima

Ibikoresho, amatara n’itumanaho

Itoroshi

Radiyo yimukanwa

Ibikoresho

Ifirimbi

Bateri yimukanwa

Isuku n’ibikoresho by’isuku

Imyambaro, ibyo kwifubika n’inyandiko

Inama zo gutegura igikapu

Ahantu

Uburemere

Isuzuma ry’igihe cyose

Itegurwa ry’impinja n’abana

Igikapu cy’umwana bwite

Imyitozo n’amahugurwa

Imyitwarire y’ibanze mu gihe cy’umutingito

Mu gihe cy’umutingito

Niba uri hanze y’inyubako

Imyiteguro y’urugo mu gihe cy’ijoro

Aho kuryama

Inzira z’ibyumba n’izisohoka

Igikoni n’ahantu ha serivisi

Imyiteguro y’umuntu bwite

Gutegura amatungo

Umwirondoro

Umudari

Mikorochipi

Amafoto

Ibikoresho by’ubutabazi by’itungo

Kutwara

Ahakikije hatekanye

Abantu bafite ubumuga (PCD)

Kugenzura inzu

Urusobe rw’ubufasha

Igikapu cy’ibikoresho byihariye

04 · Kwitegura hakurikijwe ibyangombwa byihariye

Abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona

Abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva